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Editorial Policy
Neurons receive original material of interest to the practitioners and scientists in the field of recent developments in Neurological sciences. Articles describing original clinical or laboratory investigations and case reports will be considered for publication. From time to time invited articles, editorials and review of selected topics will be published. Manuscripts, including illustrations, tables and figures must be original and not under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Neurons have agreed to receive manuscripts in accordance with the "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals," as cited in N. Engl. J. Med., 1997, 336: 309-15. The Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals: Writing and Editing for Biomedical Publication, 2014, can be obtained from the website of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE).

http://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/manuscript-preparation/preparing-for-submission.html

Manuscript Submission  
The author/s should submit a soft copy of the manuscript and a separate copy of the figures and tables either by login through journal website or by sending mail to:

Editor,
Neurons,
E-mail: neurons.editor@cmrasociety.org

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All manuscripts should be accompanied by a covering letter from the author responsible for correspondence regarding the manuscript. Mention submission type in your cover letter. The covering letter should contain the following copyright disclosure statement.

“Upon acceptance by Neurons all copyright ownership for the article is transferred to Neurons. We, the undersigned co-authors of this article, have contributed significantly to and share in the responsibility for above. The undersigned stipulate that the material submitted to Neurons is new, original and has not been submitted to another publication for concurrent consideration.

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We also attest that any human and /or animal studies were undertaken as part of the research from which this manuscript was derived are in compliance with the regulation of our institution(s) and with generally accepted guidelines governing such work.

We further attest that we have herein disclosed any and all financial or other relationships which could be construed as a conflict of interest and that all sources of financial support for this study have been disclosed and are indicated in the acknowledgement. This statement must be signed by all the major co-authors.

The covering letter should also contain a statement that the manuscript has been seen and approved by all authors and should give any additional information which may be helpful to the Editor. If there has been any prior publication of any part of the work, this should be acknowledged and appropriate written permission included.

Copyright

• Authors retain copyright on any research article upon publication.
• Articles in the Neurons are Open Access articles published under the Creative Commons CC-BY License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
• This license permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

We accept the manuscript in the following sections:

1. Original research
2. Review
3. Current research trends
4. Short communications
5. Case reports & Case Series
6. Letter to editor

Review Procedure
Submitted manuscripts are reviewed for originality, significance, adequacy of documentation, reader interest and composition.

Manuscript not submitted according to instructions will be returned to the author for correction prior to beginning the peer review/process. Revised manuscripts are judged on the adequacy of responses to suggestions and criticisms made during the initial review.

All accepted manuscripts are subject to editing for scientific accuracy and clarity by the office of the Editor.

Standards of reporting

Neurones advocate complete and transparent reporting of biomedical and biological research and research with biological applications. Authors are recommended to adhere to the minimum reporting guidelines hosted by the EQUATOR Network when preparing their manuscript.
Exact requirements may vary depending on the journal; please refer to the journal’s Instructions for Authors.
Checklists are available for a number of study designs, including:

• Randomised trials (CONSORT) and Study protocols (SPIRIT)
• Observational studies (STROBE)
• Systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) and protocols (Prisma-P)
• Diagnostic/prognostic studies (STARD) and (TRIPOD)
• Case reports (CARE)
• Clinical practice guidelines (AGREE) and (RIGHT)
• Qualitative research (SRQR) and (COREQ)
• Animal pre-clinical studies (ARRIVE)
• Quality improvement studies (SQUIRE)
• Economic evaluations (CHEERS)

A. General Requirements
The manuscript must be written in English. Whenever there is any doubt, authors should seek the assistance of experienced, English-speaking medical editors. A medical editor should review the final draft of the original and any revision of the manuscript.

Type the manuscript on A4 size with margins of at least 1.5 inches (4 cm) all over the page. Text should be type in double spacing in every page. Begin each of the following section on separate page and in the following order: title page, abstract, introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion, acknowledgements, references, tables and figures (each on a separate page) and legends. Number pages consecutively, beginning with the title page. Type the page number in the upper right-hand corner of each page.

B. Title Page
The title page of the manuscript should include:

1. Concise and informative title (less than 200 characters);
2. Complete byline, with first, middle initial and last name of each author up to ten authors may be cited;
3. Complete affiliation for each author, with the name of the department (s) and institution (s) to which the work should be attributed;
4. Disclaimer, if any;
5. Name, address and telephone number and email address (necessary) of one author responsible for correspondence about the manuscript;
6. Name and address of the author to whom reprint request should be directed,
7. Source(s) of support in the form of grants equipment, drugs, or all of these;
8. Word count.

C. Abstracts
Provide on a separate page a structured abstract of not more than 250 words for original article . The structured abstract should consist of four paragraphs, labelled Objective, Methods, Results and Conclusion. They should briefly describe, respectively, the problem being addressed in the study, how the study was performed, the salient result and what the authors conclude from the results.

D. Introduction
State the purpose of the article and summarize the rationale for the study or observation. Give only strictly relevant references and do not include data or conclusions from the work being reported. Clearly mention the objective(s) of the study in this section without adding any sub-heading.

E. Materials & Methods
Describe your selection of the observational or experimental subjects (patients or laboratory animals, including controls) clearly identify the age, sex and other important characteristics of the subjects. The definition and relevance of race and ethnicity are ambiguous. Authors should be particularly careful about using these categories.

Identify the methods, apparatus (give the manufacturer's name and address in parenthesis) and procedures in sufficient detail to allow other workers to reproduce the results. Mention setting, study design, sampling method, sample size, inclusion/exclusion criteria wherever applicable without adding any sub-headings. Give references to established methods if necessary, provide references and brief descriptions for methods that have been published but are not well known; describe new or substantially modified methods, give reasons for using them and evaluate their limitations. Identify precisely all drugs and chemicals used, including generic name(s), dose(s) and route(s) of administration.

Reports of randomized clinical trials should present information on all major study elements including the protocol (study population, interventions or exposures, outcomes and the rationale for statistical analysis), assignment of interventions (methods of randomization, concealment of allocation to treatment groups) and the method of masking (blinding).

Authors submitting review manuscripts should include a section describing the methods used for locating, selecting, extracting and synthesizing data. These methods should also be summarized in the abstract.

F. Ethics

When reporting experiments on human subjects, indicate whether the procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional or regional) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 1983. Do not use patients' names, initials, or hospital numbers, especially in illustrative material. When reporting experiments on animals, indicate whether the institutions or a national research councils guide for or any national law on the care and use of laboratory animals was followed. [Download pdf]

G. Statistics
Describe statistical methods with enough detail to enable a knowledgeable reader with access to the original data to verify the reported results. When possible, quantify findings and present them with appropriate indicators of measurements error or uncertainty (such as standard deviation when mentioning mean values of quantitative variables, or confidence intervals where odds ratio is mentioned, etc.). Mention the statistical test used for analysis to obtain the P values. Discuss the eligibility of experimental subjects. Give details about randomization. Describe the method for and success of any blinding of observations. Report complications of treatment. Give numbers of observations. Report losses to observation (such as dropouts from a clinical trial). References (if necessary) for the design of the study and statistical methods should be to standard works when possible (with pages stated) rather than to papers in which the designs or methods were originally reported. Specify any general-use computer programs used.

Include a general description of methods in the methods section. When data are summarized in the results section, specify the statistical methods used to analyze them. Restrict tables and figures to those needed to explain the argument of the paper and to assess its support. Use graphs as an alternative to tables with many entries; do not duplicate data in graphs and tables. Avoid non-technical uses of technical terms in statistics, such as "random", (which implies a randomizing device), "normal", "significant", "correlations" and "samples". Define statistical terms, abbreviations and most symbols.

Resources from "equator-network.org" [view]

H. Results
Present your results in logical sequence in the text, tables and illustrations. Do not repeat in the text all data in the tables or illustrations. Emphasize or summarize important observations.

I. Discussion
Emphasize the new and important aspects of the study and conclusions that follow from them. Do not repeat in detail data or other material given in the introduction or the results section. Include in discussion section the implications of the findings and their limitations including implications for future research. Relate the observations to other relevant studies.

Link the conclusions with the goals of the study but avoid unqualified statements and conclusions not completely supported by data. In particular, authors should avoid making statements on economic benefits and costs unless their manuscript includes economic data and analyses. Avoid claiming priority and alluding to work that has not been completed.

J. Acknowledgements
Persons who have contributed intellectually to the paper but whose contributions do not justify authorship may be named and the function or contribution is described - for example, "scientific advisor critical review of study proposal, "data collection," or "participation in clinical trial". Such persons must have given their permission to be named. Authors are responsible for obtaining written permission from person acknowledged by name, because readers may infer their endorsement of the data and conclusions. Technical help should be acknowledged in a paragraph separate from those acknowledging other contributions.

K. References
References should be cited in consecutive numerical order at first mentioned in the text and designated by the reference number in parenthesis. References appearing in a table or figure should be numbered sequentially with those in text.

The reference list must be typed double spaced and numbers consecutively, as in the text. The Journal follows Index Medicus style for references and abbreviated journal names according to the list of Journals indexed in Index Medicus. "Unpublished observations" and "personal communications" should not be used as references, although written-not verbal-communications may be noted as such in the text. References cited as "in press" must have been accepted and not merely in preparation or submitted. The author is responsible for the accuracy of all references and must verify them against the original document.

For journal articles, list the first six authors, et al.

Virtanen HEK, Voutilainen S, Koskinen TT, Mursu J, Kokko P, Ylilauri MPT et al. Dietary proteins and protein sources and risk of death: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019;109(5):1462-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz025

For books and book chapters, follow the examples below:

Ahuja N. Psychopharmacology. In: Ahuja S, eds. A Short Textbook of Psychiatry. 6th ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers, 2009, pp 195.

Guyton AC, Hall JE. Rhythmical excitation of the heart. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA, Saunders Elsevier, 2015, pp 123-124.

In Press

Roy B, Goh N. A review on smoke haze in Southeast Asia: Deadly impact on health and economy. QIJMHS. In press 2019.

Journal article in electronic form

Ghosh S. Relevance of leech therapy in contemporary medicine: A mini-review. Quest International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences. [internet], 2019 [2019/7/1]; 2(1):8-12.

Monograph in electronic form

CDI, clinical dermatology illustrated [monographs on CD-ROM] Reeves JRT, Maibach H. CMEA Multimedia group, producers 2nd ed. Version 2.0. San Diego: CMEA, 1995.

Conference proceedings

Mathew E, Mukkadan JK. Clinical disparity of oxidative stress with blood pressure. In: Roy B, Babu R, editors. ICMMR2019: Proceedings of the International Conference on Mixed Methods Research; 2019 Feb 23-24; Mahatma Gandhi University Campus, Kottayam, Kerala, India. NHRC; 2019. p. 3.

Dissertation

Gruszczynski L. Regulating health and environmental risks under WTO law: a critical analysis of the SPS agreement. New York: Oxford University Press; 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199578924.001.0001 

Volume with supplement

Bonda C, Sharma P, LaFaver K. Clinical reasoning: a 28 year old woman with lower extremity spasticity and microcytic anemia. Neurology. 2015;85(2) Suppl:e11-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000001736

World Wide Web page

Goodman J, Robinson O. Forest fires: Are they worse than in previous years? [Accessed 15/01/2019] Available from: URL: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-49515462

World Wide Web page (no author)

Global Health Observatory country views: Malaysia statistics summary (2002 - present) [online] 2019 [cited 2019 Oct 21]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.country.country-MYS

World Wide Web Home page

World Health Organization. [Homepage of the World Health Organization] [online2020] 2020 Jan 13 last update. [cited 2020 Jan 15]. Available from: URL: https://www.who.int/

Abbreviations and Symbols

With the exception of units of measurement, Journal discourages the use of abbreviations, for additional information on proper medical abbreviation, consult the CBE Style Manual, Fifth Edition (Bethesda, MD Council of Biology Editions, 1983). When an abbreviation is used, it should be preceded by the full word or name of the item being abbreviated.

Drug Names

Generic names should generally be used. When proprietary brands are used in research, include the brand name in parentheses in the methods section (this needs to be taken from CPSP hand out)

L. Tables
Type each table double-spaced on a separate page. Do not submit tables as photographs. Tables should be self-explanatory and should supplement, not duplicate the text. Each table must be cited in consecutive numerical order in the text. Number the tables consecutively with an Arabic number following the word Table. The titles should be descriptive, brief and typed centred in upper and title, column headings and at the end of the table. Do not use vertical lines. Give each column a short or abbreviated heading.

Place explanatory matter in footnotes, not in the heading. Use the following symbols in this sequence *,+,++,#,**. Expand in the footnote all non-standard abbreviations used in each table. For footnotes, identify statistical measures of variations, such as standard deviation and standard error of the mean. If data from another published source are used, obtain written permission from the publisher of the original source and acknowledge fully. If data from an unpublished source are used, obtain permission from the principal investigator and acknowledge fully.

M. Illustrations
Illustrations should clarify and augment the text. The selection of sharp, high-quality illustrations is of paramount importance. Figures of inferior quality will be returned to the author for correction or replacement.

Submit two complete sets of glossy illustrations, no smaller than 3-1/2x5 inches nor larger than 8x10 inches. Do not send original artwork. Glossy photographs of line drawings rendered professionally on white drawing paper in black India ink, with a template or typeset lettering, should be submitted. No hand-drawn or typewritten art will be accepted. Letters, number and symbols (typeset or template) must be clear and of sufficient size to retain legibility after reduction.

Each illustration must be numbered and cited in consecutive order in the text. Illustrations should be identified on a gummed label affixed to the back of each illustration and containing the following information: figure number, part of the figure (if more than one) and designation of "top".

Colour illustrations will be considered for publication, but the author is responsible for all charges relating to separations and printing. An estimate of these charges will be sent to the author at the time of production. Authors' approval of charges is required before printing. Three complete sets of glossy colour photographs (not transparencies) must be submitted for review. Polaroid prints are not acceptable.

All submitted illustrations become the property of Neurons and will not be returned unless the manuscript is rejected.

Legends for Illustrations

Legends for illustrations should be concise and should not repeat the text. Legends should be typed double-spaced on a separate page. Each figure should be cited in consecutive numerical order in the text. Give the figures a number following the word Figure. Use letters to designate parts of illustrations (e.g., A, B, C) and describe each part clearly in the legend. Any letter designations or arrows appearing on the illustration should be identified and described fully.

Originally (not previously published) illustrations are preferred for publication in the Journal; however, if illustrations have been published previously, authors are responsible for obtaining written permission from the publisher to reprint. The source of the original material must be cited in the references and the following credit line included in the legend (reprinted by permission of Ref. X). All permission release must be submitted to the Editor at the time of manuscript submission.

Submission Format

Review: maximum 4000 words excluding title page and an unstructured abstract of 150 words and references with no more than five tables or figures and 50 references.

Original article: maximum 3000 words excluding title page and a structured abstract of 250 words and references with no more than three tables or figures and 30 references

Short Communications / Case report/ Case Series/ Current research trend: maximum 1500 words excluding title page and an unstructured abstract of 150 words and references with no more than two tables or figures and 10 references. It should not be signed by more than six authors

Case Report/Series: Abstract; introduction; case report; discussion and conclusion.

Current research trend: Abstract; introduction; methods and result; and conclusion.

Letters to the Editor: Maximum 250 words if it is in reference to a recent journal article, or 400 words in all other cases. It must have no more than five references and one figure or table. It must not be signed by more than three authors. Letters referring to a recent journal article must be received within four weeks of its publication.

• Original double-spaced typed manuscript.
• Mention type of submission in your cover letter with a word count.
• Title page with title, authors' names and complete affiliations; corresponding author, complete address, telephone number and email address (necessary), author for reprint requests and complete address.
• References in consecutive numerical order. Reference list typed double space.
• Figures and Tables in consecutive numerical order.
• Legends for all figures typed double spaced.
• Consent forms for patient photographs.
• Written permission from the publisher to reprint previously published figures and tables.

Publication Fees

We do not have any publication fees.

Plagiarism Policy

1. The Journal follows the authorship guidelines of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) (http://www.icmje.org/). We use iThenticate software for plagiarism checking.

2. Neurons strictly follow the standard international definition and description of plagiarism.

3. The Journal assigns equal responsibility of intellectual integrity of the manuscript to all authors whose names appear on the manuscript/article. When submitting a manuscript, the Journal requires that all authors sign a statement accepting this responsibility.

4. This statement must indicate that no part of the manuscript has been plagiarized.

5. Any such material should be made accessible to the Editor and should only be used with referencing according to the guidelines of authorship. This may otherwise form the basis of a redundant publication/duplicate publication/"salami-slicing" and appropriate action may be taken by the Editor which may range from rejection of the manuscript to debarment of the authors(s) from further publication in the Journal.

6. It is emphasized that the Journal considers self-plagiarism as equally unethical as plagiarism in any other form. If the material is to be used from the author's previous work, standard referencing guidelines must be followed.

7. All manuscripts submitted to the Journal will be checked for plagiarism. If a manuscript submitted for publication (or a manuscript accepted for publication or an article that has already been published in the Journal) is found to be based on plagiarized material, the Editor will be obliged to write to the author(s) seeking an explanation. The corresponding author will be required to respond with an explanation within 30 days of receiving the letter from the editor.

10. Any such manuscript for review will be held up till the matter is resolved.

11. After receiving the author’s explanation, if considered necessary, the Editor may also send a letter of information to the Head of the Institution or any other relevant authority at the author(s) institution.

12. In case an acceptable explanation is provided by the author(s), the Editor may recommend appropriate changes after which the review process for the submitted manuscript may commence.

13. In case of failure of the author(s) to either respond within the stipulated time or in case they are unable to provide a suitable explanation, the Editor will convene a meeting of the Plagiarism Committee of the Board of Editors of the Journal to consider further action.

14. Further action will depend upon the nature of the offence and may include rejection of the manuscript from publication along with possible debarment of the author(s) from further publishing in the Journal. The period of debarment will depend upon the nature of the offence and may range from a period of a few months to permanent.

15. Information regarding this action may be published in the forthcoming issue of the Journal on a numbered page.

Plagiarism, if detected and proved, would be considered a punishable offence.

Immediate and unbiased action will be taken by the Plagiarism Committee.

Neurons Plagiarism Committee Members:

Dr. Bedanta Roy, Editor-in-Chief
Dr. Indrajit Banerjee, Section Editor

Authors must submit to the editor at least three (3) reviewers names who are working in a related field of their manuscript subject area with their valid email addresses.

Submission Preparation

• As part of the submission process, authors are required to check off their submission's compliance with all of the following items, and submissions may be returned to authors that do not adhere to these guidelines.
• The submission has not been previously published, nor is it before another journal for consideration (or an explanation has been provided in Comments to the Editor).
• The submission file is in Microsoft Word, RTF, or WordPerfect document file format.
• Where available, URLs for the references have been provided.
• The text is single-spaced; uses a 12-point font; employs italics, rather than underlining (except with URL addresses); and all illustrations, figures, and tables are placed within the text at the appropriate points, rather than at the end.
• The text adheres to the stylistic and bibliographic requirements outlined in the Author Guidelines, which is found in About the Journal.
• If submitting to a peer-reviewed section of the journal, the instructions in Ensuring a Blind Review have been followed.